Urgensi Sastra Multikultural dalam Pendidikan Dasar: Tinjauan Sistematis tentang Implementasi, Dampak, dan Implikasi Pedagogis di Berbagai Konteks Global
sastra dan pendidikan multikultural, ulasan sistematis literatur (SLR), bahasa Indonesia, wawasan global, sekolah dasar
Abstract
Integrasi nilai-nilai multikultural dalam pembelajaran sastra di sekolah dasar merupakan strategi pedagogis krusial untuk menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang inklusif dan adaptif terhadap dinamika global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi, efektivitas pendekatan, serta tantangan dalam pembelajaran sastra berorientasi multikultural melalui metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Dengan menerapkan protokol PRISMA, data empiris dihimpun dari artikel jurnal bereputasi terindeks Scopus yang merepresentasikan studi kasus lintas negara, meliputi Indonesia, Jepang, Slovenia, dan Brazil. Melalui analisis tematik, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa integrasi materi sastra yang memuat kearifan lokal dan narasi inklusif tidak hanya merekonstruksi pemahaman kognitif siswa, tetapi juga berdampak signifikan pada aspek afektif dan keterampilan berbahasa. Temuan spesifik menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan buku teks bermuatan karakter dan metode lokakarya sastra terbukti efektif meningkatkan keterampilan menulis kreatif, mereduksi prasangka stereotip gender, serta mencegah perilaku perundungan di lingkungan sekolah. Dari perspektif pendidikan, sastra berfungsi sebagai wahana strategis untuk memberikan ruang bagi suara-suara marginal dan memperkuat empati siswa terhadap perbedaan etnis, agama, dan budaya. Kendati demikian, tantangan utama yang teridentifikasi meliputi urgensi peningkatan kepekaan pedagogis guru terhadap kelas yang heterogen serta kebutuhan akan materi ajar yang bebas bias. Disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran sastra multikultural bukan sekadar instrumen literasi, melainkan fondasi pembentukan karakter sosial siswa. Studi ini merekomendasikan adopsi model pembelajaran kolaboratif dan deep learning bagi pendidik untuk mencetak generasi yang memiliki kompetensi global dan wawasan kebhinekaan yang kuat.
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