Laman Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Bagi Penutur Asing Berbasis Etnofarmakologi
BIPA, bahan ajar digital, etnofarmakologi, kearifan lokal, jamu, pembelajaran kontekstual
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan laman bahan ajar Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA) berbasis etnofarmakologi sebagai upaya mengintegrasikan pembelajaran bahasa dengan kearifan lokal Nusantara. Latar belakang pengembangan ini adalah kebutuhan bahan ajar BIPA yang kontekstual, bermakna, dan bermuatan budaya, sementara materi yang ada masih minim mengangkat kekayaan obat tradisional Indonesia sebagai konteks komunikatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) model ADDIE. Tahap analisis kebutuhan dilakukan terhadap 30 pembelajar BIPA level A2-B1 dan 5 pengajar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan 87% pembelajar kesulitan berkomunikasi saat membeli obat atau jamu dan menganggap topik kesehatan tradisional menarik sekaligus berguna dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di Indonesia. Produk yang dikembangkan berupa laman digital interaktif dengan enam unit tematik: Apotek Hidup, Di Warung Jamu, Resep Nenek, Pantangan & Mitos, Pasar Tradisional, dan Proyek Saya. Setiap unit memuat empat keterampilan berbahasa yang dipadukan dengan fungsi komunikatif, kosakata, dan tata bahasa seputar tumbuhan obat seperti jahe, kunyit, temulawak, serta praktik jamu. Fitur unggulan meliputi video otentik pedagang jamu, kamus bergambar etnofarmakologi, kuis interaktif, dan tugas proyek vlogging “Membuat Wedang Jahe”. Uji validasi ahli materi dan media memperoleh skor 92,5% dengan kategori sangat layak. Uji coba terbatas menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan berbicara pembelajar sebesar 23,4% pada aspek kelancaran dan ketepatan kosakata kesehatan. Selain aspek kebahasaan, laman ini juga meningkatkan kompetensi lintas budaya karena pembelajar mampu membandingkan praktik etnofarmakologi Indonesia dengan budaya asal. Simpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa etnofarmakologi efektif sebagai basis konten BIPA karena bersifat universal, kontekstual, dan kaya leksikon tindakan. Laman bahan ajar ini tidak hanya mengajarkan bahasa Indonesia, tetapi juga memperkenalkan diplomasi budaya Indonesia melalui kearifan sehat warisan nenek moyang.
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